The Xn User plane (Xn-U) interface is defined between two NG-RAN nodes. The transport network layer is built on IP transport and GTP-U is used on top of UDP/IP to carry the user plane PDUs.
The NG user plane interface (NG-U) is defined between the NG-RAN node and the UPF. The transport network layer is built on IP transport and GTP-U is used on top of UDP/IP to carry the user plane PDUs between the NG-RAN node and the UPF.
NG-U provides non-guaranteed delivery of user plane PDUs between the NG-RAN node and the UPF.
gNB-CU-Control Plane (gNB-CU-CP): a logical node hosting the RRC and the control plane part of the PDCP protocol of the gNB-CU for an en-gNB or a gNB. The gNB-CU-CP terminates the E1 interface connected with the gNB-CU-UP and the F1-C interface connected with the gNB-DU.
The different sublayers used in Radio Protocol Architecture are: Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Radio Resource Control (RRC) and Non-Access Stratum (NAS). Where:
-The physical layer offers to the MAC sublayer transport channels;
gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU): a logical node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of the gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of the en-gNB that controls the operation of one or more gNB-DUs. The gNB-CU terminates the F1 interface connected with the gNB-DU.
-Functions for Radio Resource Management: Radio Bearer Control, Radio Admission Control, Connection Mobility Control, Dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in both uplink and downlink (scheduling);
Ericsson will showcase activation of Ericsson Spectrum Sharing with an Intel 5G device at Mobile World Congress 2019. The demo will show that 4G and 5G traffic can run simultaneously on the same frequency carrier.
MATLAB has introduced its 5G Toolbox, which provides standards compliant waveforms and reference examples for modeling, simulation, and verification of the physical layer of 3GPP 5G New Radio (NR) communications systems. 5G Toolbox can be usedto design algorithms and predict end-to-end link performance of systems that conform to the 5G Release 15 standard.
5G has gathered momentum globally as per latest GSA report. 201 operators, in 83 countries are currently investing in 5G mobile and 5G FWA networks, ~30% increase since mid-2018. Level of commitments include tests, trials, planned and pilot deployments, and launches.
As the need and dependency on wireless network is increasing, a stronger and faster network is required to cater to the demands of millions. The 5G networks are the next generation of mobile internet connectivity, offering faster speeds and more reliable connections on smartphones and other devices than ever before.
Ericsson and Qualcomm have completed a non-standalone (NSA) 5G New Radio (NR) data call on 2.6 GHz, adding a new frequency band to those successfully tested for commercial deployment. The bi-directional downlink and uplink data call was made at the Ericsson Lab in Kista, Sweden last December 20.
U.S. carrier T-Mobile has made a successful 5G data call and video call on 600 MHz both on a live commercial network in partnership with Ericsson and Intel. T-Mobile also accomplished a tri-band 5G video call with three users on different spectrum bands – 600 MHz, 28 GHz and 39 GHz.
In the blog, the readers will comprehend the elementary aspects of Small cell in 5G communication mechanism, in a way it is enhanced 4G-LTE. The article will be significant to the scholars, learners, researcher and City RF Planner who are aware with 4G, 3G or 2G also be worthwhile for those who are innovative to this technology.
Now days, 5G new radio (NR) is becoming more popular because of its high data rate, reduced latency, energy saving, cost reduction, higher system capacity, and massive device connectivity. The first phase of 5G specifications in Release-15 will be completed by March 2019 to accommodate the early commercial deployment.
LTE subscriber base now accounts for 44% of all mobile subscriptions worldwide and is expected to keep growing until 2022. Based on the latest GSA data, there were 3.74B LTE connections globally at the end of September 2018 in comparison to 2.77B connections a year earlier. LTE subscriptions are expected to reach 5.96B by 2022 end.